廣東(dong)啟乾(qian)建設有限公司(si)
聯系人:江先生
手機(ji):13113788666
郵(you)箱:724176479@qq.com
地址:佛山市南(nan)海區大瀝鎮新城大道11號瑞堡商(shang)廈(sha)四樓(lou)403室
廣東啟乾(qian)建設有限公司(東莞分(fen)部(bu))
聯系人:江先生
手機(ji):13113788666
座機:0769-23112037
郵箱:724176479@qq.com
地(di)址:東(dong)莞市(shi)東(dong)城(cheng)區舊錫(xi)邊(bian)大(da)道
發表日期:2019-07-31
從(cong)水的(de)(de)(de)滲漏現象(xiang)察看(kan),水是從(cong)“孔(kong)”、“縫”中浸透的(de)(de)(de),那(nei)就必需采用(yong)防水資料對設防基(ji)層(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)“孔(kong)”和“縫”停(ting)止(zhi)設防,避(bi)免水從(cong)“孔(kong)”“縫”中經(jing)過。孔(kong)有(you)毛細孔(kong)和可(ke)見小孔(kong)洞,縫有(you)微細裂(lie)紋和動(dong)態(tai)變化的(de)(de)(de)可(ke)見縫。設防時(shi)不但要(yao)能避(bi)免浸透,還(huan)請求耐久(jiu),當(dang)(dang)外力損傷時(shi)也不應當(dang)(dang)呈(cheng)現滲漏。現在由佛山防(fang)水補(bu)漏(lou)公司(廣東啟乾(qian)建設(she)有限公司)解說一下:
鋪設(she)具(ju)有(you)(you)一(yi)定防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)才能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)料(liao),并不等于防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)堵漏層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),它只是(shi)(shi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)局部(bu)。防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)料(liao)就像做(zuo)衣(yi)服的(de)(de)(de)布(bu)或鈕(niu)扣、拉鏈,而防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)則是(shi)(shi)成(cheng)(cheng)衣(yi),防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)設(she)計(ji)(ji)及(ji)施工則是(shi)(shi)裁(cai)縫了。防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)應(ying)該依據防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(人體(ti)(ti)(ti))的(de)(de)(de)特性(xing),滿足防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)提出的(de)(de)(de)各(ge)種(zhong)請求(qiu)(qiu)。除(chu)滿足防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)根本功用外(wai),還應(ying)具(ju)備具(ju)備能(neng)(neng)抵(di)御(yu)各(ge)種(zhong)變形(xing)的(de)(de)(de)強度和延伸(shen)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)、抗抵(di)高溫(wen)(wen)老化和低(di)溫(wen)(wen)冷脆性(xing)能(neng)(neng),還要(yao)有(you)(you)抵(di)御(yu)穿(chuan)刺、擠壓及(ji)抵(di)御(yu)介質腐蝕性(xing)能(neng)(neng),以(yi)及(ji)與基(ji)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)嚴密(mi)粘(zhan)結的(de)(de)(de)性(xing)能(neng)(neng),這(zhe)么(me)多(duo)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)請求(qiu)(qiu)單(dan)一(yi)資(zi)料(liao)(布(bu)或鈕(niu)扣)常常不可能(neng)(neng)完(wan)整(zheng)具(ju)備,因而防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(裁(cai)縫)多(duo)種(zhong)資(zi)料(liao)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)(衣(yi)服、服裝),以(yi)順(shun)(shun)應(ying)主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(人體(ti)(ti)(ti))防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)功用請求(qiu)(qiu),假如未來呈現單(dan)一(yi)資(zi)料(liao)(布(bu)料(liao))完(wan)整(zheng)順(shun)(shun)應(ying)主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)設(she)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)功用各(ge)種(zhong)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)(ji)時(shi),那么(me)單(dan)一(yi)資(zi)料(liao)鋪設(she)也(ye)能(neng)(neng)夠是(shi)(shi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),但防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)性(xing)狀(zhuang)很多(duo),某一(yi)種(zhong)資(zi)料(liao)完(wan)整(zheng)都能(neng)(neng)順(shun)(shun)應(ying)各(ge)種(zhong)主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)請求(qiu)(qiu)是(shi)(shi)極不容易的(de)(de)(de)事,因而就目(mu)前(qian)講,要(yao)選(xuan)(xuan)擇多(duo)種(zhong)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)料(liao)配合組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)順(shun)(shun)應(ying)主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)次成(cheng)(cheng)為防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。單(dan)一(yi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)料(liao)(布(bu)料(liao))與防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(成(cheng)(cheng)衣(yi))是(shi)(shi)兩個(ge)不同的(de)(de)(de)概(gai)念,不能(neng)(neng)混淆,如今(jin)許多(duo)人加(jia)以(yi)混雜是(shi)(shi)不對的(de)(de)(de)。
屋面防水層是(shi)間歇性防水,受自然界(jie)多變的環(huan)境條件(jian)直接影響或損傷,所以防水層是(shi)動(dong)態的,條件(jian)多變的,有一定(ding)的耐用(yong)期。
屋面(mian)防(fang)水層(ceng)(ceng)是依附在找(zhao)平層(ceng)(ceng)上(shang)的,目前找(zhao)平層(ceng)(ceng)均以水泥砂漿(jiang)和(he)細石砼為主。為梗塞找(zhao)平層(ceng)(ceng)上(shang)的“孔”和(he)“縫(feng)”,處理屋面(mian)滲水、竄水、脫層(ceng)(ceng)現象,依據多年來理論(lun)經歷,我們提出(chu)防(fang)水層(ceng)(ceng)應設置有基層(ceng)(ceng)封鎖層(ceng)(ceng)、主防(fang)水層(ceng)(ceng)和(he)進步增強(qiang)層(ceng)(ceng)三個層(ceng)(ceng)次,才(cai)干組成一(yi)個完善的防(fang)水層(ceng)(ceng)。
(1)封鎖(suo)層:封鎖層的作用:a、封鎖各種防水層的設計梗塞基面的毛細孔、孔洞和微細裂痕,與基面結實地粘結,不脫層,即便主防水層被穿刺,也不會沿基面竄水而滲到找平層下。b、封鎖層還應具有避拉層(應力緩沖層應變層)的作用,特別在低溫時,基層開裂,封鎖層將應力吸收,防止了主防水層受拉伸而毀壞,同時也在主防水層后期收縮時,由于有避拉層,它不受基面限制,應力得以緩沖。c、封鎖層耐水性好,并具有粘結性能,既是防水層又是主防水層的粘結劑,這樣可謂一舉數得,目前已有數種資料可適用于封鎖層,如反響固化型聚氨酯,反響固化聚合物水泥涂料,雙面自粘卷材和改性瀝青熱熔涂料等,選擇適合的低溫順性,它完整可勝任封鎖層工作。
(2)主(zhu)防水(shui)層:主防水層的作用應有較高強度和延伸性,較強的抗滲性和耐水性,較大的耐穿刺、耐外力沖擊,良好的耐熱性和低溫順性,滿足屋面運用功用的請求和耐久性設計的請求,它是屋面防水的主要層次,不同防水等級常常可采取調整厚度來停止。
(3)加強進步層:它的作用分部分加強和全面加強,屋面在運用功用有特別請求時,如種植屋面、運動場所、停車、行車、泳池等,屋面的防水層應加強其耐穿刺、耐腐蝕、耐老化等性能,再增設一道加強防水層或部分設加強防水層。
公開(kai)防水(shui)層是長(chang)期(qi)(qi)受水(shui)的浸泡,處于濕潤和水(shui)浸透(tou)的環境,而且常常有(you)一(yi)定水(shui)壓力,防水(shui)層埋(mai)置在公開(kai)具有(you)永世性(xing)、不可置換(huan)性(xing),必需長(chang)期(qi)(qi)耐久。
公開工(gong)程均有(you)較(jiao)厚(hou)、鞏固的(de)(de)(de)鋼筋砼(tong)(tong)(tong)構(gou)造,應(ying)各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)設(she)計用構(gou)造砼(tong)(tong)(tong),增加有(you)限(xian)本錢,就(jiu)能(neng)夠(gou)取得優秀的(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)砼(tong)(tong)(tong)。防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)砼(tong)(tong)(tong)具有(you)很強的(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)才能(neng),能(neng)夠(gou)到達抗(kang)滲等級(ji),這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)其它任何(he)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資料所不及的(de)(de)(de)。但是(shi)它是(shi)多組(zu)份現場濕作業施工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)產品,因(yin)施工(gong)需求(qiu),必需參(can)加多余的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),當(dang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)分蒸(zheng)發(fa),余留許多毛(mao)(mao)細孔構(gou)成滲水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)通道。再者現場濕作業的(de)(de)(de)條件,很難做到百分之百的(de)(de)(de)完善,存在部分的(de)(de)(de)孔、洞是(shi)理想的(de)(de)(de),目(mu)前(qian)尚無才能(neng)完整克制。另外由于水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)分蒸(zheng)發(fa)和溫差常常使砼(tong)(tong)(tong)在硬化過程中產生(sheng)收(shou)縮變形,從而(er)構(gou)成微細裂痕以(yi)至(zhi)較(jiao)大通縫。為了避免防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)砼(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)毛(mao)(mao)細孔、洞和裂痕滲水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),應(ying)在構(gou)造防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)砼(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)迎(ying)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面應(ying)設(she)置附(fu)加防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng),這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)應(ying)是(shi)柔性或韌性的(de)(de)(de),來補償(chang)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)砼(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)缺陷,因(yin)而(er)公開工(gong)程防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)設(she)計應(ying)以(yi)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)砼(tong)(tong)(tong)為主,再設(she)置附(fu)加防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)封鎖(suo)層(ceng)和主防(fang)(fang)層(ceng)。
(1)防(fang)水砼:防水砼是普通構造砼經過級配的控制和摻加一定外加劑,如減水劑、微收縮劑、減縮劑、密實劑、纖維或聚合物等,使構造砼到達抗裂和密實的目的,同時經過施工工藝,如使大致積砼降溫(或保溫)、速凝、防凍和增強養護等手腕減少砼的變形。它依據公開工程埋置深度,決議防水砼的抗滲等級,最低應達S6,即0.6Mpa.
(2)附加(jia)防水層(ceng)(ceng)的封鎖層(ceng)(ceng):
封(feng)鎖層的作用是封(feng)堵防(fang)水砼外表的毛(mao)細(xi)(xi)孔(kong)(kong)、孔(kong)(kong)洞、微細(xi)(xi)裂痕(hen),構成很強的致密的防(fang)水層,而且要滲(shen)入砼毛(mao)細(xi)(xi)孔(kong)(kong),結實地與(yu)構造(zao)砼粘(zhan)結,阻止水從(cong)構造(zao)防(fang)水砼的毛(mao)細(xi)(xi)孔(kong)(kong)和(he)細(xi)(xi)裂痕(hen)中浸透。
(3)附加防(fang)水層(ceng)的(de)主防(fang)層(ceng)
主防(fang)層(ceng)的作用是(shi)抵(di)御由于砼(tong)后(hou)期(qi)收縮(suo)、溫差(cha)變(bian)形(xing)等而產生的裂痕,它應(ying)與封鎖(suo)層(ceng)嚴密(mi)分離,并具(ju)有一定抵(di)御變(bian)形(xing)才能(neng)和(he)耐穿(chuan)刺才能(neng),長期(qi)浸水不吸水、不透水的才能(neng)。在公(gong)開工程中主防(fang)層(ceng)和(he)封鎖(suo)層(ceng)常常采用一種(zhong)資(zi)(zi)料,但該資(zi)(zi)料應(ying)具(ju)有這(zhe)兩種(zhong)功用。
室(shi)內(nei)防(fang)(fang)水(shui),主要是防(fang)(fang)止生活(huo)消費(fei)用(yong)水(shui)、污水(shui)的滲漏,經過墻體(ti)和空中滲到(dao)其它房間(jian)影響正常消費(fei)和生活(huo)。室(shi)內(nei)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)分為空中防(fang)(fang)水(shui)和墻體(ti)防(fang)(fang)水(shui),防(fang)(fang)水(shui)設計(ji)首先應思索充(chong)沛排(pai)水(shui)坡(po)度,使水(shui)疾速(su)掃除,不積水(shui)。
(1)空中防水層(ceng):室內空中防水普通面各種防水層的設計積較小,受外界自然條件影響小,主要是避免水或腐蝕介質(酸、堿液等)經過基層毛細孔或細裂痕的浸透對砼構造的損害以及滲漏到下層房間。因而防水層必需封鎖基層、封堵毛細孔和微細裂痕,與基層要粘結結實不脫開,具有一定韌性,當空中面積較大時,防水層應具一定延伸性,它還應與空中的面層資料粘結良好,不脫層,不松動。
(2)墻體防水層(ceng):墻面防水層與墻體資料有關,當墻體資料為砼、粘土磚等,待墻面找平后,應設置具有一定強度和韌性、粘結強度大的防水資料,它要封鎖找平層毛細孔和裂紋,更要有很強的粘結力,與基層和墻面的面層應粘結結實,避免面層零落。當墻面子積較大、墻體資料為輕質隔墻時,在墻面找平層或防水層中應置網格布(纖維)加強,以克制墻體的開裂。
外墻呈現滲(shen)漏是近兩年來(lai)的(de)新問題,隨著(zhu)建(jian)(jian)筑物(wu)的(de)形體變化和(he)(he)墻體、墻面資料的(de)變革(ge)而呈現的(de),特別在(zai)南方(fang)沿海多雨(yu)、多臺風地域。外墻滲(shen)漏嚴(yan)重影響了建(jian)(jian)筑物(wu)的(de)壽(shou)命和(he)(he)正常的(de)消費、生(sheng)活(huo),招致(zhi)物(wu)品(pin)的(de)霉(mei)變,對裝修形成損傷(shang)。
墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體防水(shui)是間歇性,垂直面防水(shui),不積(ji)水(shui),排水(shui)十分疾速通(tong)暢,但是在(zai)風力作用下,水(shui)隨著風壓力而浸(jin)透力會加大,特別在(zai)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)面磚(zhuan)粘結有空隙時,水(shui)進入后(hou)遲緩(huan)地對(dui)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體停止(zhi)浸(jin)透。
(1)外墻面防水層:
墻(qiang)面防水層是(shi)在受(shou)較(jiao)大剪切(qie)力下(xia)工作的(de),而(er)且直承受(shou)自(zi)然(ran)界氣候、風(feng)雨、冰雪、冰凍、陽光紫外線、溫差各種自(zi)然(ran)現(xian)象(xiang)的(de)影響,因而(er)它(ta)必需具有(you)較(jiao)大的(de)抗壓、粘結強度、較(jiao)好的(de)耐老化(hua)性(xing)和具有(you)一定的(de)韌性(xing)或延(yan)伸性(xing)。無機(ji)資(zi)(zi)料(liao)(liao)摻(chan)入一定量的(de)聚合物(wu)是(shi)最理想的(de)資(zi)(zi)料(liao)(liao),假(jia)如外墻(qiang)不做飾(shi)面層時,耐老化(hua)的(de)有(you)機(ji)彈性(xing)資(zi)(zi)料(liao)(liao)既是(shi)防水層,又(you)是(shi)裝飾(shi)涂(tu)料(liao)(liao)層是(shi)可取的(de)計劃
(2)墻面飾面粘(zhan)結層:
墻面飾面粘結(jie)(jie)層采用(yong)與防水層合一,當墻體資料(liao)剛度、強(qiang)度高,粘結(jie)(jie)層采用(yong)粘結(jie)(jie)性和(he)抗滲性優秀的砂漿是(shi)(shi)良好辦法,施工時粘結(jie)(jie)要全面、不留空隙,這里施工質(zhi)(zhi)量是(shi)(shi)保證防水質(zhi)(zhi)量的關鍵。
水(shui)(shui)(shui)池(chi)(chi)、泳池(chi)(chi)有(you)埋在公(gong)開(kai)的(de)(de),也有(you)設(she)在空中上、室(shi)內(nei)或(huo)屋面上的(de)(de),空中以上的(de)(de)只需避(bi)免(mian)(mian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)向(xiang)外滲漏,防水(shui)(shui)(shui)層設(she)在迎水(shui)(shui)(shui)面(池(chi)(chi)內(nei)),而設(she)在公(gong)開(kai)的(de)(de)池(chi)(chi)子,既要避(bi)免(mian)(mian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)向(xiang)外滲漏,又要避(bi)免(mian)(mian)公(gong)開(kai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)浸入池(chi)(chi)內(nei),所以在池(chi)(chi)內(nei)池(chi)(chi)外均需設(she)置防水(shui)(shui)(shui)層。
普通水池(chi)(chi)、泳池(chi)(chi)為(wei)了(le)清(qing)潔,防止微(wei)生物的損害(hai),池(chi)(chi)內均(jun)有面磚裝飾層,便當(dang)運用時清(qing)算。
(1)池壁(bi)防水砼:
目前池壁大局部采用鋼筋(jin)砼(tong)(tong)構造,它鞏固牢靠,因而將(jiang)構造砼(tong)(tong)作(zuo)成防(fang)水砼(tong)(tong),它與公(gong)開工程的構造防(fang)水砼(tong)(tong)相同。
(2)池內防水層:
池(chi)內防水層首(shou)先要對基(ji)(ji)層停止封鎖(suo),與(yu)基(ji)(ji)層粘結(jie)(jie)結(jie)(jie)實,同(tong)時(shi)它順應面(mian)層資料粘接結(jie)(jie)實、不(bu)起鼓(gu)、不(bu)零落(luo)。面(mian)積較(jiao)大(da)時(shi)為了增強整體性,在找平層中參加(jia)纖(xian)維或(huo)(huo)網格布予以加(jia)強,并在每隔3m設(she)置分格縫填密封膠(jiao),防止變(bian)形或(huo)(huo)振動(dong)招致面(mian)層零落(luo)。
(3)池外(wai)防水層:
湮沒在(zai)公(gong)開(kai)的水(shui)(shui)(shui)池,不但內部(bu)要設(she)防水(shui)(shui)(shui)層,外(wai)部(bu)也(ye)應設(she)防水(shui)(shui)(shui)層,作法和用(yong)材同公(gong)開(kai)防水(shui)(shui)(shui)工程。
(1)滿足基層順應性
一(yi)切防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的基(ji)(ji)(ji)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)都存(cun)在著很多可滲水(shui)(shui)的毛細(xi)(xi)孔、洞、裂痕(hen),同時(shi)在運用(yong)(yong)過程中還有新(xin)裂痕(hen)產(chan)生和(he)變(bian)(bian)大。因而選擇(ze)的防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)首先要處理對基(ji)(ji)(ji)面(mian)(mian)的封鎖(suo),封鎖(suo)毛細(xi)(xi)孔、洞和(he)裂痕(hen),這就請求防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)能梗塞毛細(xi)(xi)孔、洞和(he)細(xi)(xi)裂痕(hen),與(yu)基(ji)(ji)(ji)面(mian)(mian)粘(zhan)結要結實(shi),根絕水(shui)(shui)在防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)底面(mian)(mian)竄流(liu),同時(shi)還應(ying)順(shun)(shun)應(ying)基(ji)(ji)(ji)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)新(xin)裂痕(hen)產(chan)生和(he)動(dong)態變(bian)(bian)化。另外,由(you)于基(ji)(ji)(ji)面(mian)(mian)的不平整、多變(bian)(bian)化的外形,防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)料(liao)(liao)要與(yu)之(zhi)相(xiang)順(shun)(shun)應(ying)。滿足基(ji)(ji)(ji)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)順(shun)(shun)應(ying)性的防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)料(liao)(liao)可采(cai)用(yong)(yong)一(yi)種(zhong)或多種(zhong)資(zi)(zi)料(liao)(liao)復合,順(shun)(shun)應(ying)基(ji)(ji)(ji)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的資(zi)(zi)料(liao)(liao)多數(shu)為涂料(liao)(liao)和(he)壓敏(min)型、蠕變(bian)(bian)型自粘(zhan)卷材,但由(you)于順(shun)(shun)應(ying)基(ji)(ji)(ji)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)抗(kang)裂性能的不同,它常采(cai)用(yong)(yong)與(yu)其它防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)料(liao)(liao)如卷材類資(zi)(zi)料(liao)(liao)復合的辦法(fa)。
(2)滿足溫(wen)度順應性:
防(fang)水層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)環境(jing)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)與建筑物地域(yu)有(you)關,但屋面工(gong)程(cheng)中倒(dao)置式的(de)防(fang)水層(ceng)(ceng)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)則是處于(yu)正溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du),公開工(gong)程(cheng)在凍土層(ceng)(ceng)以下則是負(fu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du),凍土層(ceng)(ceng)以上(shang)如有(you)保溫(wen)(wen)(wen)層(ceng)(ceng),也應(ying)處于(yu)正溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du),室內工(gong)程(cheng)與地域(yu)關系不大,而外墻(qiang)防(fang)水層(ceng)(ceng)則完整處于(yu)地域(yu)大氣溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)下。
普通防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)溫(wen)度(du)高于30℃時會(hui)(hui)加速(su)柔(rou)性(xing)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)料(liao)老化,增加收縮,低(di)溫(wen)時超越防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)料(liao)的柔(rou)性(xing)指標則招致柔(rou)性(xing)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)料(liao)變(bian)(bian)(bian)脆,失去延伸變(bian)(bian)(bian)形的性(xing)能,此時構(gou)造收縮變(bian)(bian)(bian)形加大,極易將防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)拉斷。因而,防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)所處工作環境(jing)最低(di)溫(wen)度(du)對選擇(ze)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)料(liao)低(di)溫(wen)順(shun)性(xing)相(xiang)順(shun)應起到決議作用(yong),防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)料(liao)在低(di)溫(wen)時還(huan)應具有一定的變(bian)(bian)(bian)形才能,一定的延伸率(lv)和韌(ren)性(xing),否則防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)就會(hui)(hui)遭到毀(hui)壞。
(3)滿足(zu)耐久性請求
防水(shui)(shui)資(zi)料耐久性(xing)是防水(shui)(shui)層(ceng)質量最主要性(xing)能(neng),沒有耐久性(xing)就(jiu)(jiu)沒有運用(yong)(yong)價值,在很(hen)短時間內(nei)就(jiu)(jiu)會失效(xiao),要修(xiu)(xiu)理或(huo)返修(xiu)(xiu)重(zhong)作,這應(ying)該是十分嚴重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)質量事故。所以在滿足耐用(yong)(yong)年限(xian)內(nei)防水(shui)(shui)層(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)資(zi)料經組(zu)合要能(neng)抵御自然要素的(de)(de)(de)老化和損傷(shang),滿足人們(men)正常運用(yong)(yong)功用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)請求,否(fou)則防水(shui)(shui)層(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)質量是不能(neng)保證的(de)(de)(de)。
(4)滿足施(shi)工性請求
防水資(zi)料的施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)包括施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝的牢靠(kao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)和對施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)環境的順應性(xing)(xing)(xing)。選用的資(zi)料應便(bian)于施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong),工(gong)(gong)藝煩瑣可行,機具先進牢靠(kao),對施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)環境條(tiao)件順應性(xing)(xing)(xing)寬,對施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)條(tiao)件請求不嚴(yan)厲,便(bian)于保(bao)證施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)質量。
(5)滿足互補相容性(xing)請求:每種防水資料都會有它的特性、優點,也同時存在它的弱點和缺陷,這是事物的普遍規律,所以要滿足各個方面的功用請求,就應中選擇性能互補的資料,各自發揮本人的優點、特性,補償另一個資料的弱點,以保證防水層的功用。采用互補選材的辦法比選擇單一資料要合理,所以選用的防水資料,在性能上應是互補的,如剛柔分離、涂卷分離、彈塑性分離等。相鄰的防水資料應是相容的,在分離上相容,具有良好的分離性能,互無妨礙;在材性上相容,不可相互損害。
(6)滿(man)足(zu)環保性(xing)請求:環保性日益遭到注重,對環境有污染,對人身(包括對施工人員)有害的防水資料不能選用,特別是無維護措施狀況下更是不可選用的。
(7)因地制宜(yi)和(he)經(jing)濟(ji)性:選用的資料應因地制宜。因地制宜自身就會表現經濟性,經濟性要講性價比,要講適用,要從當前經濟條件呈現,選用順應該建筑經濟條件的資料,講求綜合經濟效益,不能只思索初始價錢要素。
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